Internal-combustion engine



Jan 23, 1923., 1,442,995, E. H. BELDEN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

FILED JUNE-15. 1917. a swam-sum L.

\ I I I Jan. 23, 1923., L MZQQS. E. H- BELDEN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

FILED JUNE l5| 1917- 3 $HEETS-SHEEI 2.

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E. H. BELDEN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. FILED JUNE 15. 1917.

Jan. 23, 1923.,

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EDWARD H. BJELDEN, 01F TOLEDO, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, JBY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TOTHE WILLYS-OVERLAND COMPANY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, A CORPORATION OJE OHIO.

JDN'JLERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To (1/ Z whom, it may concern lie it known that l[, EDWARD lil. HnnnnN,a citizen of the United States, residing at Toledo, in the county ofLucas and State of Ohio. have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Internal-Combustion Engines. of which I declare thefollowing to be a full, clear. and exact description.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularlyto the valve operating mechanism therefor.

The principal object of my invention is to provide a alve operatingmechanism in which the force applied to open the valve is directed in astraight line coincident with the axis of the valve stem so that no sidethrust acts upon the valve stem to cause it to wear or bind in itsbearing. A further object of my invention is to provide a "alveoperating mechanism which will secure a very quick closing of the valve.A further object of my invention is to provide a valve operatingmechanism so constructed that the expansion of the parts, as the engineheats up, will have relatively little cfiect upon the operation of themechanism.

A further object of my invention is to provide a valve operatingmechanism so constructed that a lighter valve spring may be used so asto lessen the noise and lighten the blow of the valve upon its seat. Afurther object of my invention is to provide a valve operating mechanismin which the parts are at all times held under tension. A further objectof my invention is to provide a valve operating mechanism in which thevalves are actuated from the cam shaft through the medium of a pull rodin place of the customary push rod. A further object of my invention isto provide a valve operating mechanism which is very readily accessiblefor purposes of adjustment and repair, and which is so combined with thecylinder head construction that the weight of the cylinder head may bereduced and the intake and exhaust passages more easily cooled.

In carrying out my invention, ll provide a valve actuating arm engagingthe upper end of the valve stem, and slidably mounted in the cylinderhead so as to move in a plane parallel to the plane of the valve stem.said valve actuating arm being connected by a long pull rod with a bellcrank operated by the cam shaft, and serving to multiply the motioncaused by the cams on the cam shaft. The pull rod is sufliciently longand has suflicient spring so that the .motion at the end of the bellcrank arm is converted into a straight rectilinear motion of the valveactuating arm. The spring pressure for returning, the valve to closedposition may be furnished by springs disposed beneath opposite ends ofsaid valve actuating arm, so that said springs tend to balance eachother and prevent any side thrust upon the valve actuating arm or thevalve stem.

Further objects, and objects relating to economics of manufacture anddetails of construction will definitely appear from the detaileddescription to follow.

I accomplish the objects of my invention by the devices and meansdescribed in the following specifications. My invention is clearlydefined and pointed out in the appended claims.

A structure, constituting a preferred embodiment of my invention, isillustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thisspecification, in which:

Figure I is a view in side elevation of an engine constructed inaccordance with my invention, certain parts being broken away forconvenience in illustration.

Figure II is a top plan view of the engine.

Figure III is a vertical, sectional view,

taken through the exhaust port of one cylinder of said engine, said viewbeing taken substantially on the line ][I1[I][I of Figures 1E and H.

Figure ][V is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view, takensubstantially on the line IV-IV of Figure I.

Figure V is a fragmentary, sectional view taken substantially on theline V-V of Figure H, and showing the intake valve and operatingmechanism therefor.

Figure V1 is an enlarged, detail, fragmentary, sectional view, takensubstantially on the line V][VI of Figure IV.

In the drawings, similar reference. n11- merals refer to similar partsthroughout the several views, and the sectional views are taken lookingin the direction of the little arrows at the ends of the section lines.

Considering the numbered parts of the drawings, the engine comprisescylinders 10 mounted on the crank case 13, to which is secured the crankcase base 14., and in which is journaled the crank shaft 15. The pistons16, operating in the cylinders 10, are connected to the crank shaft 15by connecting rods 17. Cylinder head 18 is secured in place by bolts 21andcarries the spark plugs 19 and has a passage 20 extendinglongitudinally thereof above the cylinders. This longitudinallyextending intake passage 20 is connected with each cylinder by means ofthe inwardly curved intake port 23, which has a valve seat 24 on whichthe intake valve 25 seats. The intake passage 20 has an inlet opening 26by means of which it is connected with the usual carburetor connection.The exhaust manifold 27 has the branches 28, which are connected withthe exhaust ports 29 of the cylinder. Each exhaust port 29 isprovidedwith the valve seat 30 on which seats the exhaust valve 33. Theexhauts and intake valves and the mechanism for operating said valvesare identical in construction and therefore, no distinction will be madebetween said valves in describing the construction of the valveoperating mechanism.

An outer wall 34 surrounds the upper ends of the cylinders 1 10 andprovides a water jacket space 35' between said outer wall 34 and thecylinders 10. Longitudinally extending ridges 36 are provided in saidwall 34 said ridges being provided with central passages 37 to receivethe valve operating pull rods. The cylinder head 18 is also providedwith vertically extending ridges 38, corresponding with the ridges 36 inthe wall 34, and in line with them when the cylinder head is secured inplace. Said ridges 38 on the cylinder head are, provided with centralpassages 39 corresponding to and in line with the passages 37. Acontinuous vertical wall 40 on the cylinder head, encloses a cup-shapedchamber 43 receiving the valve operating mechanism. The valves areprovided with the upwardly extending valve stems 44, extending into saidchamber and slidably mounted in the bearing sleeves 45, fitted inopenings 46, in.

the cylinder head above the corresponding valve ports. The bearingsleeves 45 are each provided with a shoulder 47, the lower surface ofwhich engages the top of the cylinder head, while the upper surface ofsaid shoulder is engaged by a spring 49, which is compressed betweensaid shoulder and a cupshaped washer 48 secured on the upper end of thevalve stem. The cam shaft 50 is mounted in bearings 53 and is drivenfrom the crank shaft through the intermeshing gears 31 and 32, gear 32being twice the .size of the gear 31, so that the cam shaft makes onerevolution for every two revolutions of the crank shaft.

Mounted upon the inclined surface 51 of the cylinder base are thebearing brackets 52 in which the shaft sections 41 are mounted. Thebearing shaft is made in two or more sections and carried by the bearingbrackets 52 and said shaft sections carry the bell crank levers 42 eachcomprising the downwardly extending arm 56 having the roller 57 engagedby one of the cams 54 on the cam shaft 50, and the laterally extendingarm 58 pivotally connected at 59 to the lower end of the pull rod 60.The arm 58 of the bell crank being somewhat longer than the arm 56, themovement caused by the cam 54 is multiplied in its transmission to thepull rod 60. The bearing brackets 52 are secured in place by the bolts61 and 63, the bolt 63 being longer than the bolt 61 and extendingthrough the opening in the cover 64 which closes the opening 62 providedin the side of the cylinder base. The nut 63 threaded on the outer endof the bolt 63 keeps the cover 64 in place overthe opening. Two or moreopenings 62 may be provided. It w ll be seen that by removing thiscover, the operator can gain access to the shaft sections and to thebearing brackets therefor so that anyone of the shaft sections can beremoved quickly and easily so that access can be very easily had to thecam shaft.

Each of the pull rods 60 is disposed in one of the aligned passages 37and 39. Each valve actuating member 67 has a hollow stem 66, integraltherewith. which is slidably mounted in the upper end of the passage 39,and said valve actuating member has an arm 68, which extends laterallyover and engages the upper end of the valve stem 44, and an arm 69,extending in the opposite direction and engaging the disc 70, betweenwhich and the bottom of the valve mechanism chamber 43, the spring 73 iscompressed to counterbalance the valve spring 49. The pull rod 60extends upwardly through the passage 37 and 39 and through the hollowstem 66. Nut 74 is threaded on the upper end of said pull rod 60, andprovided with a tapering portion engaging in a tapering bore 75 in thevalveactuating member 67, so that the valve-actuating member is rigidlysecured to the upper end of the pull rod 60. Openings 76 are provided inthe side of the hollow stem 66 and there is also provided a vent 77 atthe upper end of said hollow stem. The chamber 43 receiving the valveoperating parts,

-is closed by a cover 78 having a flange 79 engaging the top edge of thewall 40 said cover being secured in place by the nuts 80 on the ends ofbolts 21. The threaded studs 81 are carried by bosses 71 formed on theridges 39 on the cylinder head and the flanges 83 of the exhaustmanifold branches 28 are secured thereto by the nuts 82. Above and belowthe longitudinally extending intake passage 20 there are provided thewater passages 84 and 85, which are connected by the passage 86 with thewater jacket space 35, so that the water with an may circulate aroundthe cylinders and around the intake and exhaust passages in the head toheat the former and cool the latter.

lFrom the description of the parts given above, the operation should bevery readily understood. As the engine operates, the rotation of the camshaft 50 in the direction of the little arrow will cause the cam 54 toengage the roller 57 on the short arm 56 of the bell crank. causing thebell crank to rock on the bearing shaft, and the long arm 58 of the bellcrank, being connected at 59 with the lower end of the pull rod 60, willtransmit a downward pull, through said pull rod 60, to thevalve-actuating member 67, which is mounted so that it is forced to movein a vertical plane since the stem 66, integral with said member 67, isslidably mounted for vertical movement in the u per end of the passage39. As a result t e end of the arm 68 engaging the upper end of thevalve stem 44, will transmit a direct push to said valve stem in linewith the axis thereof, and against the tension of springs 7 3 and 49, toopen the valve.

As the cam moves forward, the springs 73 and 49 will be'effective toreturn the valve and the valve-operating parts to the normal position.It will be observed that the valveactuating member 67 has a straightrectilinear motion and hence the force exerted on the valve stem will beexerted in a line co-incident with the axis thereof, and there can be noside stress or thrust to cause the valve stem to bind or wear in itsbearing sleeve. Furthermore, the spring 73 is arranged to balance thespring 49 so that there will be no side thrust or Stress on the stem 66,due to either of the springs. The strength of springs 73 and 49 variesin proportion to the length of the arms 68 and 69, so that the turningmoments due to said springs approximately balance each other. It will beobserved that, while the movement of the stem 66 is purely rectilinear,the movement of the lower end of the pull rod 60 is not so, since itmoves with the outer end of the bell crank 58, which follows a curvedpath. However, within the limits of movement caused by the cam 54, theend of the pull rod 60 does not depart greatly from a rectilinearmovement, and to whatever extent it differs therefrom, the difference istaken up by the resiliency of the pull rod between the upper end whereit is firmly attached to the valve actuating member 67 and the point 59,where it is connected to the crank arm 58. llt will be seen that thisis'possible since the pull rod is mounted in the passages 37 and39,which are of considerably greater diameter than the pull rod, so that itis not in engagement :part thereof, which would interfere wit1 itsswinging or bending laterally.

lltll:

Since the crank arm 58 is longer than crank arm 56, themovementimpar-ted by the cam 54 to crank arm 56 is multiplied before itis transmitted to the end of the pull rod 60.

The bearing shaft sections are so mounted that they are very readilyaccessible and may be easily removed to facilitate adjustmentsandrepair. After removing the nut (33' from the bolt 63, the cover 64 maybe removed from either of the openings in the side of the cylinder base.If desired, either of the bearing shaft sections can then be removed byremoving the bolts 60 and 63 which hold the supporting brackets 52 inplace. When the hearing shaft section has been removed, the cam shaft isreadily accessible so that the cams thereon may be reached. Furthermore,the valve operating parts on the cylinder head are always enclosedwithin the chamber 43 formed in the cylinder head and are covered by thecover 78. By unscrewing the nut 74, the valveactuating member 67 may beremoved, and the whole valve operating mechanism can be taken downv withvery little difficulty. The valve actuating parts are completelyenclosed and not even the pull rods 60 are exposed, since they operatein the passages 37 and 39 provided in the cylinder block and thecylinder head. The connections between the pull rods and the valves arevery simple and'compact, and, at the same time they insure a directpositive straight line push on the valve stems, eliminating any sidethrust or stress. The springs for returning the valves to their normalposition are so arranged that they will not exert any side stress orthrust upon the stems 66 which form the bearings for the valve-.actuating members. Furthermore, these valve operating parts are sosimply and compactly arranged that it is possible to eliminateconsiderable metal from the cyl-' inder head, thus reducing the weightof the engine and permitting the greater part of the length of theexhaust passages to be exposed to the air so that they can be cooledmore readily and quickly. Furthermore, this arrangement of valveoperating mechanism permits of the ready connection of the waterpassages 84 and 85, above and below the intake passage in the head, withthe water acket of the cylinder, so that a more efficient cooling of thecylinder head is obtained. l have pointed out a number of advantagesarising from this improved valve operating mechanism and others will beapparent from the description of the mechanism given above. I desire topoint out particularly that this mechanism provides a very simple andcompact construction for operating the valves of a valve-in-the-headmotor, and one in which the force exerted on the valves to open them isexerted in a straight line in line with the axis of the valve, withoutany side thrust or stress.

i'lhis is a very important feature, and one upon which I desire to layparticular stress.

It will be seen that, in view of the fact that the valve stem and thepull rod 60 operate in the same directions, the expansion of these partsas the engine heats up will have no effect upon the operation of thevalve mechanism, so that it will not be necessary to provide as great aclearance between the upper end of the valve stem and the arm 68, aswould otherwise be necessary, since as the valve stem expands the pullrod 60 likewise expands in the same direction, and carries with it thearm 68. It will furthermore be apparent that the spring 49 acts merelyto return the valve to its seat. while the spring 73 returns thevalve-operating parts, including the stem 66 and the arms 68 and 69, totheir normal position and that said spring 73 acts to hold the roller 57on the arm 56 of the bell crank in engagement with the cam 54, so thatall parts of the valve operating mechanism are held under springtension. This enables the use of a lighter valve spring since the onlywork it has to do is to return the valve to its position. lighter valvespring is highly desirable because it lessens the blow of the valve onits seat and thus lessens noise and wear on the valve seat. It will alsobe apparent that since the pull rods 60 act as tension members tooperate the valve mechanism, they may be made of lighter material thanin the case of ush rods, which act as compression mem rs. The valveoperating mechanism and the valve stems will be chamber housing thevalve operating mech-- anism so that the same is effectively lubricated.A

In my valve operating mechanism I am able to incline the valve operatingarms at angles to each other, as shown in Figure II, so that the outerends of said arms are closer to each other than the ends which engagethe valve stems. By this means I can spread the cams on the cam shaft soas to avoid the connecting rods and the parts can thus be brought closertogether allowing the use of a smaller timing gear.

I am aware that this particular embodiment of my invention may bechanged considerably without departing from the spirit of my invention,but I have found that this specific, embqdimgt is desirable from manyThe use of astandpoints, and, therefore, I desire to claim my inventionspecifically as well as broadly, as indicated by my appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderblock; a cylinder head; a valve having a stem and stem head slidablymounted in said cylinder head; a valve actuating member, having a hollowstem slidably mounted in said head, and extending in a line parallel tothe valve stem, an arm extending therefrom and engaging the head of thevalve stem, and a second arm extending from said hollow stem; a springsurrounding said valve stem, and compressed between the head thereof andthe cylinder head; a spring disposed between the end of said second armand the cylinder head; a pull rod rigidly connected to said valveactuating member and disposed in aligned passages formed in saidcylinder head and cylinder block, the upper end of said rod beingdisposed within said hollow stem; a cam shaft; a rock shaft; and a bellcrank lever mounted thereon and having one arm disposed to be actuatedby said cam shaft, and another arm connected to the lower end of saidull rod.

2. In an interna combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head;a valve having a stem and stem head slidably mounted in said cylinderhead; a valve actuating member, having a hollow stem slidably mounted insaid head, and extending in a line parallel to the valve stem, an armextending therefrom and engaging the head of the valve stem, an armextending from said hollow stem; a spring surrounding said valve stem,and compressed between the head thereof and the cylinder head; a springdisposed between the end of the second arm and the cylinder head; a pullrod rigidly connected to said valve actuating member, the upper end ofsaid rod being disposed within said hollow stem; a cam shaft; a rockshaft; and a bell crank lever mounted thereon and having one armdisposed to be actuated by said cam shaft and another arm connected tothe lower end of said pull rod.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head;a valve having a stem and stem head slidably mounted in said cylinderhead; a valve actuating member having a hollow stem slidably mounted insaid head, and extending in a line parallel to the valve stem, an armextending therefrom and engaging the head of the valve stem, and asecond arm extending from said hollow stem; a spring surrounding saidvalve stem, and compremed between the head thereof and the cylinderhead; a spring disposed between the end of tanner line parallel to thevalve stem, an arm'exk tending therefrom and engaging the head of thevalve stem, and a second arm extending from said hollow stem; a springsurrounding said valve stem, and compressed between the head thereof andthe cylinder head; a spring disposed between the end of said second armand the cylinder head; a

pull rod connected to said valve actuating member; and means foractuating said pull rod.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a cylinder head; a valve having a stem slidably mountedin said head: a spring for closing the valve; a valveactuating memberhaving a stem slidably mounted in said head, and extending in a lineparallel to the valve stem; an arm extending therefrom and engaging thehead of the valve stem, and a secend arm extending from said stem; aspring disposed between the end of said second arm and the cylinder headand balancing said valve spring; a pull rod connected to said valveactuating member; and means for actuating said pull rod.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combinationof a cylinder head;a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head; .a spring forclosing the valve; a valve actuating member engaging the head of saidvalve stem, and slidably mounted in said cylinder head to move in adirection parallel to the direction of movement of said valve stem; aspring engaging said valve actuating member and acting in the samedirection as said valve spring, to counterbalance said valve spring; apull rod connected to said valve, actuatlng member; and means foractuating said pull rod.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head;a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head; a spring forclosing the valve; a valve actuating member, having a stem slidably:

mounted in said head and extending in 5a actuating member engaging thehead of said valve stem; a pull rod connected to said valve actuatingmember; a spring engaging said valve actuating member and acting in thesame direction as said valve spring, said pull rod being-connected tosaid valve ac-V tuating member between the points of a plication of saidspring, whereby said springs counterbalance each other; and means foractuating said pull rod.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head;a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head; a spring forclosing the valve; a valve actuating member, having a stem slidablymounted in said head and extending in aline parallel to the valve stem;a pull rod connected to said valve actuating member; aspring engagingsaid valve actuating member and acting in the same directionthereag'ainst, as said valve spring, said pull rod being connected tosaid valve actuating member at a point in a line between the points ofapplication of said springs, the distance of said points ofapplicationto the point of connection of said pull rod, and the strengthof said springs, being so proportioned that around said point ofconnection are approximately equal; and means for actuating said pullrod.

9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head;a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head; a pull rodextending parallel tosaid valve stem, a valve actuating member adaptedto be reciprocated by thewpull rod, means for resiliently supporting thevalve actu-atin member from opposite sides of its point 0 connection tothe pull rod, and means for actuating said pull rod.

10. In an internal combustion engine; the combination of a cylinderhead, having a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves havingstems slidably mounted in said head, and extending upwardly into saidchamber; a plurality of pull rods extending through said head upwardlyinto said chamber; means for actuating said pull rods; and valveactuating members disposed in saidchamber and having stems slidablymounted in said head, and extending parallel to said valve stem; saidmembers engaging the heads of said valve stems and being connected tosaid pull rods.

11. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderhead, having a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves havingstems slidably mounted in said head, and extending upwardly into saidupwardly into said chamber; means for actuating said pull rods; valve.actuating members disposed in said chamber, and having line parallel tothe valve stem, said valve valve stems springs disposed between thebottom of said chamber and said valve actuating members, both of saidsprings acting on said valve actuating members, in the same direction,at points on opposite sides 6f the points of connection of saidactuating members with said pull rods.

12. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderhead, havmg a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves havin stemsslidably mounted in said head, an extending upwardly into said chamber;a plurality of pull rods extending upwardly into said chamber; means foractuating said pull rods; and valve actuating members disposed in saidchamber and having stems slidably mounted n said head, said membersengaging the heads of said valve stems and being connected to said pullrods.

13. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderhead, having a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves havingstems slidably mounted in said head, and extendin upwardly into saidchamber; a plurality of pull rods extending through said head; means foractuating said pull rods; and valve actuating members disposed in saidchamber and reciprocably mounted on said head, said membersengaging..the heads of said valve stems and being connected to said pullrods.

14. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderhead, having a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves havingstems slidably mounted in said A head; a plurality of pull rodsextending through said head; means for actuating said pull rods; andvalve actuating members disposed in said chamber and reciprocablymountedon said head, said members engaging .the heads of said valvestems and being connected to said pull rods.

15. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality ofintake and exhaust valves; a plurality of valve operating rods therefor;a cylinder block having an inclined supporting surface on its base; acrank case having openings in the side thereof; a cam shaft; apluralityof supporting brackets removably secured to said inclined surface, inline with said openings in the crank case; a plurality of bearing shaftsec tions carried by said brackets; a plurality of bell crank leversjournaled on said shaft sec tions, each bell crank lever comprising anarm disposed to be engaged by one of the cams of the cam shaft, and anarm connected to the lower end of one of said operating rods.

16. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality ofintake and exhaust valves; a pluralityof valve operating rods; a crankcase having openings in the side thereof; a cam shaft; a plurality ofsupporting brackets removably secured to the cylinder base in line withsaid openings in the crank case; a lurality of bearing shaft sectionscarried by said brackets; a pluralit of bell crank levers journaled onsaid sha t sections, each bell crank lever comprising an arm disposed tobe engaged by one of the cams of the cam shaft, and an arm connected tothe lower end of one of said operating rods.

17 In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality ofintake and exhaust valves; a plurality of valve operating rods therefor;a cylinder block; a crank case having openings in the sides thereof; acam shaft; a plurality of bearing shaft sections removably carried bysaid cylinder block and being so mounted and of such a length as to beremovable through the openings in the side of the crank case; a pluralitof bell crank levers journaled on said s aft sections, each bell cranklever comprising an arm disposed to be engaged by one of the cams on thecam shaft, and an arm connected to the lower end of one of said operatinrods.

18. 11 an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality ofintake and exhaust valves; a plurality of valve operating rods therefor;a cylinder block; a crank case having openlngs in the side thereof; acam shaft; a plurality of bearing shaft sections removably secured tosaid cylinder block, and removable through said openings in the side ofthe crank case; and a plurality of bell crank levers journaled on saidshaft sections and connecting said cam shaft with said operating rods.

19. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderblock comprising a plurality of alined cylinders and an outer wallsurrounding said cylinders and forming a water jacket around the same,said outer wall being formed with a plurality of portions of enlargedcross section extendin longitudinally of the cylinders and rovi ingpassageways therethrough and va ve operating rods extending through saidpassageways.

20. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a cylinder headtherein and a base at the opposite end of said cylinder carrying a valveoperating cam, the combination therewith of a lever for engagement withsaid cam, a resilient valve rod pivoted at its lower end to said lever,a valve carried by said cylinder head and operatively connected to theupper end of said valve rod and guide means for the upper end of saidrod the lower end thereof being free to permit slight lateral movement.

21. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, acylinder head therefor, a valve and valve stem carried by said head, acrank case at the lower end of naaaa ed in said cylinder head to move ina direction parallel to the path of movement of said valve, a springengaging said actuating member to equalize the efl'ect of said valvespring upon said actuating member, said springs being arranged to becompressed simultaneously by said actuating member.

23. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, ahead therefor, a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head, avalve actuating member engaging said valve stem, means for' resilientlysupporting said actuating member at opposite ends thereof, a pull rodslidably mounted in said cylinder head and connec -+01 to said valveactuating member, means external of said cylinder for operating saidpull rod.

24. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderhead, a plurality of valves slidably mounted'in id head, a spring forclosing each valve, a separate valve actuating member for each valveslidably mounted in said cylinder head to move in a direction parallelto the direction ofcounter-balance said valve springs, andmeans'comprising a pull rod having a bearing in said cylinder head foroperating said valve actuating member.

25. In an internal combustionengine, the combinationof a cylinder head,a plurality of valves slidably mounted in said head, a spring forclosing each valve, a separate valve actuatin member for each valveslidably mounted in said cylinder head to move in a direction parallelto the direction of movement of the corresponding valve, a springengaging each of said valve actuating members and acting in the samedirection as the corresponding valve spring to counter-balancesaid valvesprings, and an operating rod passing through and having a bearing insaid head and arranged to engage said actuating member at a pointbetween said two springs.

26. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder having a longitudinal passage formed in a wall thereof, a valvefor said engine, a valve actuating rod extending through said passage,and means for operatzin said rod.

ing a water jacket therebetween, said outer wall having a longitudinalpassage formed therein, a valve for said engine and a valve actuatingrod extendingthrough said passa e. o

%8. In an internal combustion engine, a c linder, a cylinder head havinga valve t erein, said cylinder and cylinder head being formed withaligned longitudinal open ings therein, and an actuating rod for saidvalve extending through said aligned openngs.

h an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having inner and outer wallsform-v In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

EDWARD H. Brennan.

